Sculptor Debra Butterfield transforms throw away objects into abstract sculptures of horses with scrap metal, wood and other found objects. Artists weld, glue, bolt and wire individual pieces together. Construction, or Assemblage, uses found, manufactured or altered objects to build form. 1955), a bronze sculpture first modeled in clay, set a record for the highest price ever paid for a work of art at auction.Ĥ. In 2010, Swiss artist Alberto Giacometti’s Walking Man (c. Modeling a form is often a preliminary step in the casting method. Although modeling is primarily an additive process, artists do remove material in the process. Larger sculptures created with this method make use of an armature, an underlying structure of wire that sets the physical shape of the work. The material then hardens into the finished work. The artist uses modeling to build up form with clay, plaster or other soft material that can be pushed, pulled, pinched or poured into place. Modeling is a method that can be both additive and subtractive. Standing next to the globe, he holds a roll of plans in his left hand.ĭoris Chase, Changing Form, 1971. Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and who negotiated the purchase of the Alaska territories, is set nearly eight feet high so viewers must look up at him. A statue of William Seward (below), the U. Traditionally, bronze statues were placed atop pedestals to signify the importance of the figure depicted. A mold is usually destroyed after the desired number of castings has been made. It’s a labor-intensive process that allows for the creation of multiples from an original object (similar to the medium of printmaking), each of which is extremely durable and exactly like its predecessor. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be otherwise difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods. One traditional method of bronze casting frequently used today is the lost wax process. Casting materials are usually metals but can be various cold-setting materials that cure after mixing two or more components together examples are epoxy, concrete, plaster, and clay. It’s a manufacturing process by which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. Casting: The additive method of casting has been in use for more than five thousand years. Michelangelo, David, 1501, marble, 17 feet high. Galleria dell’Accademia, Florence. Image in the public domainĢ. The broad areas of paint give a heightened sense of character to this mask. This and other mythic figure masks are used in ritual and ceremony dances. It’s extraordinary for masks to personify a natural event. In another example, you can see the high degree of relief carved from an original cedar wood block in the Earthquake Mask from the Pacific Northwest Coast Kwakwaka’ wakw culture. The sculptor carves the left arm to simulate muscle tension inherent when it supports the weight of the body. The extended right arm and raised knee create a stable triangular composition. The figure is almost eight feet high, seated in an elegant pose on a lotus bloom, relaxed, staring straight ahead with a calm, benevolent look. The Bodhisattva, a Buddhist figure who has attained enlightenment but decides to stay on earth to teach others, is exquisitely carved and painted. Using chisels and other sharp tools, artists carve away material until the ultimate form of the work is achieved.Ī beautiful example of the carving process is seen in the Water and Moon Bodhisattva from tenth-century China. Contemporary materials include foam, plastics and glass. Traditionally stone and wood were the most common materials because they were readily available and extremely durable. Carving uses the subtractive process to cut away areas from a larger mass, and is the oldest method used for three-dimensional work.
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